Black pride is a movement in response to dominant white cultures and ideologies that encourages black people to celebrate black culture and embrace their African heritage. In the United States, it was a direct response to white racism especially during the Civil Rights Movement. Related movements include black power, black nationalism, Black Panthers and Afrocentrism.
Video Black pride
Arts and music
The black pride is a major theme in some works of African American popular musicians. Civil Rights Movement era songs such as The Impressions's hit songs "We're a Winner" and "Keep on Pushing" and James Brown's "Say It Loud - I'm Black and I'm Proud" celebrated black pride. Beyoncé's half-time performance at Super Bowl 50, which included homages to Malcolm X and the Black Panthers, has been described by the media as a display of black pride.
Maps Black pride
Beauty and fashion
Beauty standards are a major theme of black pride. Black pride was represented in slogans such as "black is beautiful" which challenged white beauty standards. Prior to the black pride movement, the majority of black people straightened their hair or wore wigs. The adoption natural hair styles such as the afro, cornrows, and dreadlocks were seen as expressions of black pride.
In the 1960s-1970s, kente cloth and the Black Panthers uniform were worn in the U.S. as expressions of black pride. Headscarves were sometimes worn by Nation of Islam and other Black Muslim Movement members as an expression of black pride and a symbol of faith. Other women used scarves with African prints to cover their hair.
Maxine Leeds Craig argues that all-black beauty pageants such as Miss Black America were institutionalized forms of black pride created in response to exclusion from white beauty pageants.
International
Brazil
The black pride movement is very prevalent in Brazil, especially throughout their poorer population, and it is found in the Brazilian funk music genre that began to arise in the late 1960s, as also in the called Funk carioca, that emerged in late 1980s. Both the origin of Brazilian funk and Funk carioca reflects Brazilian black resistance. Ethnomusicologist George Yúdice states that youths were engaging black culture mediated by a U.S. culture industry met with many arguments against their susceptibility to cultural colonization. Although it borrows some ingredients from hip hop, its style still remains unique to Brazil (mainly Rio de Janeiro and also São Paulo).
Jamaica
Black pride has been a central theme of the originally Jamaican Rastafari movement since the second half of the 20th century. It has been described as "a rock in the face of expressions of white superiority."
United States
The slogan has been used in the United States by African Americans to celebrate heritage and personal pride. The black pride movement is closely linked with the developments of the civil rights movement and Black Power movement which opposed the conditions of the United States' segregated society, and lobbied for better treatment for people of all races.
Critiques
Gary Kamiya has criticized the black pride movement, saying that to the extreme, black pride would cause people of African descent to fail to separate their personal identities from their race.
See also
- Black Arts Movement
- Black genocide conspiracy theory
- Black Power movement
- Afrocentrism
References
Further reading
- Yúdice, George (1994), "The Funkification of Rio", in Ross, Andrew; Rose, Tricia, Microphone Fiends: Youth Music and Youth Culture, London: Routledge, pp. 193-220, ISBN 978-0-415-90907-5
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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